Blaenafon Iron Works
The Blaenafon Iron Works which started producing iron around 1789 is the best preserved blast furnace of its time to survive from the beginning of the industrial revolution. Because the blast furnaces couldn't be allowed to cool down, unless it was for repair and maintenance, they were operated 24 hours a day seven days a week. For 12 hours each day men worked in the blistering heat of the furnaces constantly at risk from fire, molten iron and poisonous fumes. The molten iron would be at 1500 degrees Celsius which is hotter than molten lava.
The ironworks also employed many children who often worked up on the top yard an area level with the tops of the furnaces where children under 13 and as young as 5 spent their days breaking ore for the calcining kilns that removed the impurities from the ore before it was fed into the furnaces from the charge houses built on the very top of the furnaces. The gases rising up from the furnace below and filling the charge houses would be at around 200 to 300 degrees Celsius.
In 1842 government inspectors discovered 185 children under the age of 13 working in the ironworks, a quarter of them were girls.
The workforce lived on the job in rows of small two storey terraced houses, which while small they were well built, the museum has a number of these set out as they would have been at different times. There was also a company ran shop on site that sold the basic necessities of life, however the prices charged were high and in the 1830s the shops provided a tenth of the company's profits.
The iron works is a World Heritage Site and many of its structures are Grade 1 listed.
This is a model, appropriately made of iron, that shows how the works would have looked when working.
A general view of the works showing the foundry, the cast house for no.2 furnace and the Ballance tower.
The balance tower is the most impressive of the remaining buildings. It's a water powered lift that lifted goods 80 feet up to the level of the top yard. I had two platforms and the weight of the top platform lifted the bottom platform up.
Another view of the cast house for no. 2 furnace and beyond that the foundry.
The row of worker's cottages which were about 300 feet away from the furnaces. The mound in the centre is the base of a huge chimney stack for the boiler houses that once stood in front of the cottages, about where the railings are today.
A view of the remains of furnaces 4 and 5, both of which have lost their cast houses.
These are two of the calcining ovens on the top level beside the tops of the furnaces where the ore was prepared to be fed to the ever hungry furnaces below.
I found the whole iron works to be a fascinating and interesting place to visit. So thank you for reading my blog and I hope you found it interesting.
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